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Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum

(A.Gray) Carlquist & Bissing (1976)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Geraniales Family: Geraniaceae Genus: Geranium

hinahina, nohoanu

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Compact, erect, many-branched shrubs 3–10 dm tall.

Stems: Stems and branches reddish to black, covered with persistent stipules, densely leafy only toward apex.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–cuneate, (1.5–)2.5–5 cm long, (0.5–)0.7–1.2(–1.4) cm wide. Apex truncate to sometimes rounded. Surfaces densely grayish to sometimes silky strigose on both surfaces. Margins entire except apex (3)4–8-toothed. Usually 3–8-veined. Petioles 0.3–2 cm long. Stipules subulate, ca. 5–6 mm long, strigillose.

Flowers: Flowers 7–30 in compound cymes, forming large corymbose inflorescences that project beyond the leaves. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic; pedicels 0.5–1.6(–2) cm long. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 5–9 mm long, densely silky strigose to sparsely villous or merely ciliate, apex mucronate. Petals white or cream, sometimes with purple veins and sometimes purple at base, narrowly obovate, 9–15 mm long. Stamens (5)10; filaments ± connate at base, those alternate with the petals longer than others and with basal glands, staminal filaments usually 9–12 mm long, glands pubescent; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior or nearly so, 5-celled, carpels connate around a central column to form a compound ovary with as many cells, fertile portion a lobed ring at base of stylar column, placentation axile; ovules 2 per cell, anatropous to campylotropous, usually pendulous; styles 3–5, 5–6 mm long at anthesis, elongating to 15–28 mm long in fruit, essentially beakless, sometimes narrowed below apex, branches filiform, reflexed; stigmas slender and dry, rarely capitate.

Fruit: Septicidal and elastically dehiscent capsules separating into as many segments as carpels; a portion of the style splitting off from remainder of stylar column and forming an awn that recurves upward from the persistent central column; usually remaining attached to apex; sometimes the awn also becomes spirally coiled; awn usually hygroscopic; carpel bodies ca. 2–4 mm long; sparsely to densely pubescent. Seeds 1 per cell; dark reddish brown; oblong–obovoid; ca. 1.7–1.9 mm long; the surface inconspicuously reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occasional to forming a dominant part of the vegetation in subalpine shrubland and forest; alpine shrubland; and as a pioneer in shrubland on lava in fog swept areas.

Elevation Range: 1,850–3,050 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Biotropica 8: 258 (1976)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:730 (H); Aedo 2023:579 (DESCR, KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum E Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1968 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-27
2 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 852 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-01
3 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea, Wailu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 471 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
4 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea, source of Wailuku River Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 883 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
5 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Aina Hou Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 828 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-12
6 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Aina Hou Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 826 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-12
7 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum 0.2 mi up from turnoff to Hale Pohaku, ~28 mi up Saddle Rd. from Hilo, then 6.4 mi N toward Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Stuessy, T.F. 6151 Hawaii BISH 1982-05-30
8 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea, Wailuku River Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 885 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
9 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Humuula Trail to summit of Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 843 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-14
10 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25614 Hawaii BISH 1955-12-01
11 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Hosmer, R.S. 51 Hawaii BISH 1909-11-01
12 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum above Mauna Kea-Humuula [Humuula trail Preserved_Specimen Hartt, C.E. 756 Hawaii BISH 1955-08-09
13 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8345 Hawaii BISH 1910-05-01
14 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Slopes of Mauna Kea, Waiki Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 466 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
15 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea, west slope Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 702 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-28
16 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauka of Halepohaku, Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35314 Hawaii BISH 1967-07-20
17 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Aina Hou Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 829 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-12
18 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea, Wailuku River Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 884 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-18
19 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH
20 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH
21 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Kalaelia Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
22 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Hosmer, R.S. Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
23 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea, summit road Preserved_Specimen McEldowney, H. Hawaii BISH 1976-07-01
24 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Hosmer, R.S. Hawaii BISH 1936-12-05
25 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Hawaii BISH
26 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Nauhi Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Hawaii BISH 1931-10-03
27 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Wailuku River Gorge Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
28 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
29 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Kahulu Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1927-07-01
30 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Kalaeha, Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH 1862-01-01
31 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
32 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Wailuku River Gorge Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH
33 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8700 Hawaii BISH 1910-08-01
34 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Aina Hou Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 831 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-12
35 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Kau, Anipeahi, S Mauna Loa, 1-1.5 km E of lava flow dry ohia forest, with native trees, shrubs, grass; on pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 2291 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-12
36 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum NE of Halekohaku, Mauna Kea arid lava rock and ledges Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19962 Hawaii BISH 1949-09-01
37 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum 0.1 mi Hilo side, Puu Huluhulu, Saddle Rd. red pahoehoe flow Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 1161 Hawaii BISH 1976-08-21
38 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Hamakua, Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea, ~5 mi N of jct. with Saddle Road with Sophora chrysophylla, Gnaphalium sandwicensium, Senecio sylvaticus Preserved_Specimen Gustafson, R. 1095 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-13
39 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Saddle Rd., 23.5 miles from Hilo lava Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20208 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-26
40 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Saddle Road near Puu Huluhulu `a`a lava flow Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19979 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-20
41 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauka of Kulani Prison On partly shrubby `a`a lava flow; common. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21862 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-15
42 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum N Hilo, Humuula, Wailuku River cliff face in silversword enclosure Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6148 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-15
43 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea cinder, boulders, with Styphelia Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1713 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-17
44 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauka of Kulani Prison On partly shrubby `a`a lava flow Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21862 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-15
45 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Laumaia below tree line Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. 863 Hawaii BISH 1935-08-18
46 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Humuula Trail to summit of Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 843 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-14
47 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Puu Hualalai with Styphelia tameiameiae, Fragaria chiloensis, Sisyrinchium acre, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia; volcanic cinders Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 2098 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-30
48 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea, Hamakua District Growing beneath dead mamane in open mamane parkland. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 887 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-06
49 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea, Wailuku River scrub Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26959 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-06
50 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Hale Pohaku, Mauna Kea Locality, mauka of buildings, below winding road. Habitat: open mamane forest. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 610 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-06
51 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Laumaia above trees Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. 859 Hawaii BISH 1935-08-18
52 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea, above Hale Pohaku steep volcanic ash; with Styphelia douglasii, Gnaphalium, Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen Iltis, H.H. 204 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-23
53 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Hale Pohaku Browsed by herbavores. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1980-01-17
54 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum Mauna Kea, silversword exclosure, edge of gulch at headwaters of Wiluku Asso. with Coprosma montana, Styphelia douglasii, Dubautia arborea, Vaccinium peleanum, Silene struthioloides, Asplenium trichomanes, and Pellaea ternifolia. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 921 Hawaii BISH 1982-09-21
55 Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum E of Humuula, below Kalaieha Puu on pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. 688 Hawaii BISH 1935-08-07
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